Tuesday, February 25, 2020

Ban of DDT in the US Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ban of DDT in the US - Essay Example The book listed the negative impact of pesticides on the environment, particularly wildlife and birds. It also argued that DDT was hazardous to the human health, causing cancer. The book was widely read causing an uproar in the general public, apart from already frowning scientists fraternity. The result was that in 1962, President Kennedy ordered the Science Advisory Committee (SAC) to probe into Carson’s claims and establish their validity. SAC in turn agreed with Carson’s claim and recommended phasing out the DDT from usage. DDT has the property of getting accumulated in the animal tissues, particularly in animals that are higher in food chain. Thus apex predators (such as bald eagle) and marine animals( such as crayfish, sea shrimp) were majorly poisoned due to DDT. It was also found out that DDT causes long term reproductive problems in birds (such as birds of prey, waterfowl) as the shell thins down. As per Environmental Defence Fund studies, even low doses of DDT on a continuous bases might result in pre mature birth and low birth babies( for the babies who were exposed to DDT before birth) and decreased duration of milk supply in nursing mothers (Environmental Defense Fund). Studies also show that prevalence of diabities increases with serum DDT level (Jones, Maguire and Griffin 287-8). Food webs represent the predator-prey relationship between the species in earth’s ecosystem. Scientists claimed that DDT and its residuals were carried from the warmer regions of the earth to the Arctic, through global distillation, causing accumulation of the toxic elements in the Arctic food web. When DDT is used in much larger quantities, than required for controlling Malaria carrying mosquitoes, the mosquitoes become resistant to the pesticide , thus greatly reducing its effect. In agriculture , usage of large quantities of DDT led to the problem of mosquito resistance. DDT ban is seen as a major

Sunday, February 9, 2020

One Day Training Programme for Big Idea Limited Assignment

One Day Training Programme for Big Idea Limited - Assignment Example Since the company lacks experience in managing such events so it has approached our consultancy firm to design the way in which such a training programme can be managed. Concept of Project Management (PM) and its strategy All over the world, most of PM practitioners prefer to use Project Management Board of Knowledge (PMBoK) and Projects In Controlled Environments (PRINCE2) methodologies as they are the standardized ones. According to PMI (2008), both methodologies suggest that the projects should get started with a Project Initiation phase that helps in identifying the main requirements of the owners. However, in case of Big Idea Ltd., preparing a Feasibility study or Business case is most appropriate which is the latest tool used by PM practitioners (Field & Keller, 2007). Business case is described by Gardiner (2005) as a tool that is standard in Project Management with the aim of providing analysis of three crucial features of projects i.e. managerial, technical and financial so that a solution can be derived in accordance with the customer’s set of requirements. Business case has been used by Project Management practitioners as it eases the management team in making sound decision in future about project related to its objectives and scope (Ali, Anbari, & Money, 2008). Since Project Initiation Phase is of utmost importance in every project, it is vital for the PM practitioner to ensure that this phase is properly worked out. According to Kerzner (2009) and Turner (2009), Project Initiation phase must have to two outputs; one is there should be an appointed Project Manager and second output is Project Initiation Document known as PID. While the process of initial project development is progressing and project objectives are being defined, PM practitioners identify two sets of factors that will be used for measurement of project’s success (Haas, 2006). According to PMI (2008), the first set of factors is made from the success criteria which com prise of dependents variable that will assess the successful project’s outcome i.e. time, quality and cost. While, second set of factors set comprise of success factors that consist of independent variables that have influence on success criteria’s successful achievement i.e. project assumptions and constraints. Figure 1: Project Life Cycle Source: Lock (2003) The project objective for Big Idea Ltd can be defined as: To design and prepare a one day UG Project Management Training Programme for Level 3 Undergraduate students to make them understand the application of Microsoft Project and Critical Path Analysis for delivery on 1st September 2012 with a maximum budget of ?40,000. When the project initiation phase ends and project is approved by the concerned authorities, the next phase of the project life is project development phase. Olsson and Magnussen (2007) and Shenhar (2008), the second phase of Project Life Cycle is the most crucial one as at this stage the project is either made or broken. At this stage, the project is refined as formation of project team takes place along with setting of various plans and activities for implementation, monitoring and control are completed. Project Development phase helps in setting the project boundaries and identification of details and requirements of the projects (Kwak, Anbari, 2008). Turner (2009) defined the second phase as the identification of activities that will allow operations