Trade in “Things Fall apart” Essay Essay Example

Exchange â€Å"Things Fall apart† Essay Paper In the new â€Å"Things pre-winter apart† by Chinua Achebe grown-up females are considred as a low in the public arena. since as expressed in the book. Okonkwo abhorred his male parent as a result of his being slight. feeble and shameful. Those work powers who have no rubric are called agbala or â€Å"woman† . ( Achebe 143 ) Work powers are the huntsmans and husbandmans of the humble community. since they have the solidarity to work. Since grown-up females where feeble and delicate they remain at their places and commercial centers. Womans in the modest community play an of import work in the market and in the network. It is affirmed that grown-up females have places like chief. this spot is non regulatory. be that as it may, for of import capacities in the market and the network. Ladies turned into the merchandisers of the humble community. since work powers will in general be out runing. horticulture and making their occupation as managerial functionaries of the humble community. keeping up law and request in the humble community. We will compose a custom article test on Trade in â€Å"Things Fall apart† Essay explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Trade in â€Å"Things Fall apart† Essay explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Trade in â€Å"Things Fall apart† Essay explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The main reaps in Ibo were veggies and sweet potatoes. Exchange with other modest communities was finished by the use of cowry shells. these little shells were utilized as a signifier of money. Be that as it may, during the mature ages from 1880 to 1960 Europians began to colonize Africa. Exchange these humble communities where seriously influenced. Europians constrained Africans to pay income upgrade ; these income improvements can other than be paid by pay work. The Europians other than set up manors and mines and other working confirmations for Africans to work. The Europians boss plan is to deliver cash for them. Some Europians acknowledge income improvement in signifier of stocks. like woven textures made of cotton. Others bring grain as signifier of income upgrade. The Europians other than constrained Africans to work without installment. Streets and dragoon where physical make-up by the use of corvee work. Corvee work will be work without installment. They were other than compelled to move overwhelming tonss of merchandise by transport pilgrim leaders Africans endured a clump during the pilgrim time frame. Be that as it may, since around 1960 Africans began to determine independency and were strugling to recuperate exchange. since the estimation of boss stocks that they produce declined known to mankind advertise. Notices: Achebe. Chinua â€Å"Things harvest time apart† ground tackle books. 1958 Chun. June â€Å"The Role of Women in Things Fall Apart† June 12 2007 From: hypertext move convention:/www. bookmans. nus. edu. sg/post/nigeria/ladies. hypertext markup language Uzoma Onyemaechi â€Å"Igbo Political Systems† June 12 2007 From: hypertext move convention:/www. umunna. organization/politicalsystems. htm I read the book Things pre-winter separated during my HUM 1 classification. so I have a foundation on the novel. I put together my exposition with respect to the book and other online beginnings that give data on the exchange. development and history of Africans. I other than utilized the connections you have given me. That is the manner by which I thought of this article.

How to Become a Writer Essay

Step by step instructions to Become a Writer Essay Step by step instructions to Become a Writer Essay Subside Gendreau â€Å"It’s never too late† 1/29/13 Journal passage 1 Starting school can have numerous implications and overpowering affections for a green bean understudy. As youthful grown-ups most understudies start the readiness to before long become an undergrad. As seniors in secondary school, understudies are enthusiastically finishing any undertaking sent their way so as to graduate on schedule. With the possibility of school, companions, gatherings, and venturing out from home and taking off to the grown-up world has never sounded so great. Lamentably, school isn't required and only one out of every odd understudy has the prompt choice to join in. I will consistently recollect the day I got back home from school and asked my dad â€Å"why didn’t you go to college†? The reaction my dad gave me was an immediate reaction to my inquiry, anyway hearing the reaction â€Å"because I needed to work† never rang clear to me. While strolling to the bus station the following day, I went to my more seasoned sister who was a lesser in secondary school at that point and solicited her what she thought from school. Her reaction was â€Å"smart individuals attend a university, so you most likely shouldn’t go†. Being the irritating younger sibling, I was accustomed to hearing her not all that lovely disposition so promptly toward the beginning of the day. By the age of 14 I had an end of the week work at the neighborhood burger lord, by Starting work so early I could â€Å"buy the vehicle I wanted† as opposed to getting the old truck my dad utilized as a ranch hand. At 14 years old you are lawfully appro ved to work under thirty hours per week as long as it didn’t strife with your school plan. Fridays never came brisk enough; I was snared on bringing in cash. In the end my evaluations started to slip, and my enthusiasm for school wasn’t what it ought to have been either. I kept on working all through my secondary school years and in the long run settled on the choice to pull back myself from my senior year of secondary school. My reason was â€Å"I needed to work† and that reason was simple for me to swallow since I had

Medicine and Drugs - Direct to Consumer Pharmaceutical Marketing Essay

The Problems of Direct to Consumer Pharmaceutical Marketing   â â In 1997, the Food and Drug Administration loosened up its limitations on direct-to-purchaser promoting of pharmaceuticals. Before this decision, tranquilize producers were disallowed from referencing both the name of the medication and its signs in buyer coordinated commercials without additionally including a lot of specialized data about the medication, including all known reactions, contraindications, and dose suggestions (Stevens, 1998). Notwithstanding meddling with the intrigue of the promotions, such necessities rendered communicate advertisements infeasible because of time requirements, and thwarted advertisements in print media because of cost and space accessibility. These prerequisites were canceled in the 1997 FDA approach changes, and pharmaceutical organizations were allowed to showcase sedates by name as medicines for explicit conditions, with the negligible necessity that advertisements offer notice to significant dangers recognized in clinical preliminaries (Melillo, 2001). Therefore, maker consumptions on direct-to-buyer promoting, which totaled $791 million of every 1996, rose to $2.6 billion for the year 2000 (Mitchell, 2001). TV, radio, and print media got immersed with advertisements advancing medications for conditions running from gloom to elevated cholesterol. Names, for example, Zoloft, Claritin, and Lipitor, which were recently known generally to wellbeing experts, immediately turned out to be a piece of the national jargon. Thusly, spending on professionally prescribed medications has expanded altogether in the course of recent years as customers are lured to look for promoted meds (HealthBizNews.com, 2001).  This new face of medication promoting has started a seething discussion about the going with e... ...e of medication promoting? Business Week. May 22, 2000. p52. Melillo, Wendy. Direct-to-Consumer Drug Advertising Under Fire Senate to Determine if Such Work Hikes Prescription Costs. Adweek. May 21, 2001. Mitchell, Steve. Medication promoting raises concerns. www.msnbc.com. 2001. Mill operator, Susan. Rx see: DTC Ads Provide the Right Prescription. Brandweek. June 2 29, 1998. Selling Drugs. American Demographics. January, 1998. p. 26. Shapiro, Joseph and S. Schultz. Medicines: How your primary care physician settles on the decision. US News and World Report. February 19, 2001. p. 58. Stevens, Tim. To Your Health. Industry Week. September 7, 1998. p. 56. Subcommittee Hears Debate on Cosumer Drug Advertising. www.healthbiznews.com. 2000. Leather treater, Lindsey. Wellbeing and Science: Doctors propose restriction on medicate publicizing. Nando Times. www.nando.net. June 18, 2001.

Essay Topics: Sense and Sensibility

Essay Topics: Sense and SensibilitySense and Sensibility essay topics are hard to come by these days, because the standards of essay writing have grown so rigid. When the standards change, so does the essay topic. Consider using the simple premise that the sense and sensibility of an essay is really about the characters of an essay.The attitude of a character will determine the sense and sensibility of the essay, but the writer must also decide how much attitude they are willing to put into the piece. If a character is crazy, then it is easy to assume the sense and sensibility of the piece is going to be negative, even if it is not! That is why sometimes an essay writer has to get creative with his writing. When an essay character says something negative, the writer has to take that as the reader's perception, and thus give the reader a chance to make up their own mind. The best way to do this is to show the reader the light side of the situation.An attitude must begin before the cha racter even enters the picture. During the first paragraph, the writer should let us know what character they are, and then we must understand how they can influence the sense and sensibility of the piece. Sometimes it is possible to allow readers to see that character, though a hint or a subplot, but if the writer does not explain it clearly, then the readers can just imagine it. Sometimes, the 'writer' gets in the way of the reader understanding the piece, and it is up to the essayist to set it straight for them.Once the writer is convinced that the writer knows who the character is, then it is time to present a sketch of the character's attitude. Take note that all actions are some form of negative, although that is not always true. The character could be involved in a positive act, even if that does not appear in the text. That character could get involved in a bad thing, even if the act is innocent and not intentional. It is important to let the reader take the situation in str ide, even if it seems counter-intuitive.Sense and sensibility of an essay are the basis of its theme. The theme may be extremely broad, and the writer must be able to include all the elements of the theme in the essay. A wide idea, like the relationship between two characters or two times, is not necessarily one that can be expressed using one character, though a specific example of the theme is likely to come out.However, the main point must always be emphasized, and that can be done by including the same theme in the second sentence of the first paragraph. The tone of the essay must always be clear and clean, and a few words from the word 'yes' could be enough to set the tone for the essay. It is important to remember that the tone of the piece must be realistic, without being boring or generic.Sense and sensibility of an essay are often one of the most difficult subjects to write about, because writers cannot write about what they want to write about. Since so many ideas can flow from a character's viewpoint, however, it is the best way to learn how to write an essay. Having been exposed to it now, I find that I know what to avoid when I am working on it.

Analogous Structures in Evolution

There are many types of evidence supporting evolution, including studies in the molecular biology field, such as DNA, and in the developmental biology field. However, the most commonly used types of evidence for evolution are anatomical comparisons between species. While homologous structures show how similar species have changed from their ancient ancestors, analogous structures show how different species have evolved to become more similar. Speciation Speciation is the change over time of one species into a new species. Why would different species become more similar? Usually, the cause of convergent evolution is similar selection pressures in the environment. In other words, the environments in which the two different species live are similar and those species need to fill the same niche in different areas around the world. Since natural selection works the same way in these environments, the same types of adaptations are favorable, and individuals with favorable adaptations survive long enough to pass down their genes to their offspring. This continues until only individuals with favorable adaptations are left in the population. Sometimes, these types of adaptations can change the structure of the individual. Body parts can be gained, lost, or rearranged depending on whether their function is the same as the original function of that part. This can lead to analogous structures in different species that occupy the same type of niche and environment in different locations. Taxonomy When Carolus Linnaeus first began classifying and naming species with taxonomy, the science of classification, he often grouped similar-looking species into similar groups. This led to incorrect groupings compared to evolutionary origins of the species. Just because species look or behave the same doesnt mean they are closely related. Analogous structures dont have to share the same evolutionary path. One analogous structure might have come into existence long ago, while the analogous match on another species may be relatively new. They may go through different developmental and functional stages before they are fully alike. Analogous structures are not necessarily evidence that two species came from a common ancestor. It is more likely they came from two separate branches of the phylogenetic tree and may not be closely related at all. Examples The human eye is very similar in structure to the eye of the octopus. In fact, the octopus eye is superior to the humans in that it doesnt have a blind spot. Structurally, that is the only difference between the eyes. However, the octopus and the human are not closely related and reside far from each other on the phylogenetic tree of life. Wings are a popular adaptation for many animals. Bats, birds, insects, and pterosaurs all had wings. But a bat is more closely related to a human than to a bird or an insect based on homologous structures. Even though all these species have wings and can fly, they are very different in other ways. They just happen to fill the flying niche in their locations. Sharks and dolphins look very similar due to color, placement of their fins, and overall body shape. However, sharks are fish and dolphins are mammals. This means that dolphins are more closely related to rats than they are sharks on the evolutionary scale. Other types of evolutionary evidence, such as DNA similarities, have proved this. It takes more than appearance to determine which species are closely related and which have evolved from different ancestors to become more similar through their analogous structures. However, analogous structures themselves are evidence for the theory of natural selection and the accumulation of adaptations over time.

Be Here Now - 903 Words

* The short story †Be Here Now† written by Miguel Syjuco, was published in 2012. The short story is from Miguel Syjuco’ anthology â€Å"Elsewhere†. We meet a journalist who is struggling with PTSD, and his girlfriend Jenna. The story is about a mixed race man, his grandfather was Asian. He is a photographer, and he has previously been taking war pictures in an Arabic country. â€Å"I browse through some of my photos that made front pages. A soldier on his knees defusing an IED on the roadside [†¦] A group of boys hiding behind mothers and sisters dressed in niqabs†. This quote shows that he has been in a warzone in an Arabic country. The short story takes place in their house, and follow them through there first days after moving in. The†¦show more content†¦When he has to choose between staying in his world, occupied by his own memories of the war, or the present world, he chooses the latter. ------------------------------------------------- Jenna seems to be avoiding the change in her fiancà ©: â€Å"she looks at me like I’m hiding something but decides against saying anything† ------------------------------------------------- The issue seems to be avoided, because they never discuss the change in the journalist’s behavior. Jenna keeps herself busy by planning the wedding and unpacking, but it clearly affects her: â€Å"I heard plates and glasses crash in the sink.† ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- She is frustrated, as the journalist doesn’t participate in their world and their life together. ------------------------------------------------- Jenna has an important role in the short story, because she symbolizes the present world that is constantly rejected by the journalist. ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- The themes of the story are long distance relationship and adjusting back to a normal everyday life. Jenna and the narrator have been away from one another, while the narrator was working. It’s good to be home, even if home is unfamiliar. We do not know for how long he has been in the war, but he needs time toShow MoreRelatedFamily : Here And Now1021 Words   |  5 Pages Family: Here and Now â€Å"Nana?† I called. â€Å"Yes, Nashia,† she answered. â€Å"I need to speak to you. Everyday I go to school and kids just bully me because I walk weird,† I bawled. â€Å"Sweetie you just have to ignore them and their stupidity,† Nana responded. â€Å"Ok thanks, Nana,† I stated. Nana said with a big smile on her face, â€Å"Love you and I am always here if you need me or to talk to.† Although she s not there to beat up the bully she always has my back and that s why I love you her so much. What wouldRead MoreHunting Season Is Not Here Is It?1501 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"What the heck was that?† I asked myself, â€Å"Hunting season is not here already is it?† It did not matter anyways. These are the consequences when you are a survivalist like me. Hunters don’t appreciate the land like I do. I have encountered too many hunters in my twenty four years out here, I better stay out this time. â€Å"What is on the to do list today?† I wondered as I reached over to my tiny tan, stained line paper. Get water Change pine needles Gather wood Love life Ever since Elizabeth had herRead MoreOmnipresence of Whitman: Here-- Then and Now1143 Words   |  5 Pagesor actress (ln 86). The addressing of the readers continues on, though more directly than before. In the seventh chapter, Whitman asserts that What thoughts you have of me now, I had as much of you (ln 90). He is also informing his future readers than he is with them, enjoying this . . . as good as looking at you now, for all you cannot see me (ln 93-94), which parallels â€Å"Failing to fetch me at first keep encouraged,/Missing me one place search another,/I stop somewhere waiting for you,†(ln1341-1343)Read MoreAnalysis Of Mama s Here Now 1536 Words   |  7 Pagesabundance of drama are what make How to Get Away with Murder such a popular and wildly successful show, and in creating such a show, the producers have used its platform to bring social issues to the audience’s attention. In the episode chosen, â€Å"Mama’s Here Now,† aired on February 15, 2015, the back stories of several characters are explored. It explains, in detail, who they are and how they got to where they currently are, with focus on the main character, criminal defense lawyer, Annalise Keating. TheRead MoreBarth Reflection God Here and Now951 Words   |  4 PagesWhen looking at the common theme that Barth develops in God Here and Now, it becomes apparent for the need of congregation to justify, ratify, and promote the Bible as the living word of God. When and where the Bible constitutes its own authority and significance, it mediates the very presence of God through the congregation. Encountering this presence in the Church, among those whose lives presume living through the Bible’s power and meaning. Barth states that the Bible must become Gods WordRead MoreEducation, Why here? Why now?804 Words   |  3 PagesThe class sizes are also smaller, meaning that the educ ation is more personal: each student has more one-on-one time with the teacher and each other, and it will not consist solely of memorizing a textbook and regurgitating it onto a test. Teachers now can push me and challenge me only to a certain level on big campuses because of the immense class sizes and the variety of skill levels. As a result of the campus at Simons Rock, professors have the freedom and capacity to push the limits of studentsRead MoreIf Jesus Comes Here Right Now Through The Door857 Words   |  4 Pages If Jesus comes here right now through the door that we have walked in, and heal every single sick people in our town and preach to us, how will we react on Christ’s action? Do we have anyone who will stand up and say, â€Å"You are crazy!† or â€Å"You are demon possessed!† or â€Å"You could cast out demons because you are king of them!† Well, hope we do not have anyone like that. But if you read today’s scripture, we could se e that Christ’s own family called him crazy. Please do not criticize Christ’s familyRead MoreSummary Of Robert Ray Get Over Here Now1019 Words   |  5 PagesI literally jump out of my skin at the sound of my grand fathers strident voice,â€Å"Robert Ray get over here now! Robert, Shyanne stay where you are and watch tv.† Mother, has been very sick for weeks maybe something happened to her. Just minutes before my dad was called from the family room a letter had came. As my grandparents started to read it my grandmother covered her mouth and started to cry. Something wasn’t right. Something went wrong , I started to become scared. My mother was a strangerRead MoreHuman Trafficking: It Happens Here, Its Happening Now3206 Words   |  13 PagesHuman Trafficking, it happens here, it’s happening now. Imagine a young girl whose family is struggling and unable to provide her with a good education and a woman arrives and offers this young girl a job and a chance to attend school. Since this opportunity is unlikely to be offered at another time, the girl accepts the offer. When this young girl arrives in this supposed â€Å"opportunity of a lifetime† it is a living nightmare. The story you’ve just pictured is true in the case of 12 year old MariaRead More Global Warming is Here. Now What? Essay example2876 Words   |  12 PagesWhile researching climate change, with the mountains of false or cherry-picked data out there, you certainly learn to be skeptical of a sources creditability. You also, learn the importance of getting the full picture, rather than just a partial one. Heres a few examples, of what Im talking about. A while back many were convinced that because CO2 follows global surface temperature increase by about 800-1000 years, that CO2 as a cause of globa l warming was disproved. Which made sense; how can a cause

Grapes Of Wrath By Steinbeck (3635 words) Essay Example For Students

Grapes Of Wrath By Steinbeck (3635 words) Essay Grapes Of Wrath By SteinbeckIn the beginning of the chapter the book Steinbeck discusses the earth. It tellshow dry the soil is and how even walking stirred up a dust cloud. It tells howthe people have adapted such as wearing mask and goggles to protect the air theybreathe. The people were devastated by the dust storms that block out the sunand the stars. The land is dry and cracked, the crops are withered and dieing;much like the peoples spirits. Chapter 2 The chapter starts out at a truck stop. Steinbeck implies the importance of a truck stop to truckers. It provides adriver conversation and entertainment with people. The workers are to the drivera distant family. Truck stops provide companionship with people in the sameindustry and know what it feels like. This is where Steinbeck introduces TomJoad. Tom and the driver are both dressed in new clothes but, unlike the driverToms clothes came from McCalaster. McCalaster is a prison where he spent fouryears, in punishment for homicide. Tom was at the truck stop looking for a ride. He sat on the running board of a rig, until the driver came out. Tom questionedif the owner of the truck would actually stop him from giving Tom a ride. Thedriver gave in and let Tom ride along. Chapter 3 This chapter was first aboutthe dry grasses along a highway, and then about a turtle. I think thesignificance of the turtle in the chapter is to show that all living things mustkeep moving to survive. Also, to show that there are two types of people in thisworld, kind people and mean people. When the turtle was on the road a lady triedto miss hitting the turtle. While a man swerved to hit it; thus flipping theturtle over on his back. The turtle struggled back on to his stomach andcontinued on. Chapter 4 Tom was walking down a gravel road on his way home andpicked up a turtle as a present for his brother and sister. As he went along hegrew tired from the hot Oklahoma sun and stopped at a tree along the road andmet an old friend named Jim Casy. Jim used to be a preacher but, had lost thecalling. Now Jim just bummed around the area and theorized about life. The onlyinformation Jim was able to give Tom, was that things were changing and peoplewere leaving, due to the drought. In the end of the chapter Jim decided to gowith Tom to his old house to visit. Chapter 5 The chapter discussed a politicalmonster. Steinbeck talked about the banks and how the banks ordered the peopleoff the land. The men could do nothing. The wanted to rotate the crops but, theywere out of time. There was nothing left that they could do. The corporationswere the monsters and the banks worked for the corporations. The banks sent outtractors at the corporate commands. They sent tractors to till the soil and makeit into one big field, plowing over anything it the way; and the families fled. Chapter 6 Tom and Casy went to the house and found it deserted. The house wasleaning and knocked off its foundation. The tools were gone, the water troughdry and cracked and the well dry. There was cotton planted right up around thehouse where there never was any before. The only thing that was left was a graycat. As they sat on the porch a man came along, just walking created a hugecloud of dust. The mans name was Muley graves, he had lost his farm also butdecided to stay. Tom was lucky that Muley stopped, Muley explained how a mancame and told them kindly to get off the land and the man was sorry but itwasnt his decision. He also brought along rabbits that they cleaned and atefor dinner. After dinner a deputy showed up, and they ran out to the cottonfield and hid. The deputy would not come out in the field, because Muley had hithim one time. After the deputy left they went down by the creek and slept in ashallow cave. Chapter 7 The chapter discusses the car sales men. It talks abou thow they take up peoples time then make them feel bad so they will buysomething. Or how they will put saw dust in the rear end and make them soundgood. The salesmen are making huge profits buying cars for $10 then selling themfor $75. The people buy them because they are desperate for transportation toCalifornia. The people will buy a car, cut off the back and make it into atruck, then pile people on all in their great despair. Chapter 8 In the morningTom and Jim walk to Uncle Johns house, where everyone is staying. They walk upon the yard quietly, and as they grow closer they see the men working andloading a truck. Tom first meets his father, at first his father did not realizeit was him; but, when he did he was over joyed. They went into the house andreunited with his mother. Everyone was asking him if he busted out of prison,but Tom was paroled. Toms grandparents kept saying Praise god for victory!The family was leaving in the morning to go to California. Tom, decided toviolate his parole and go with them to California. They sold everything theyowned and bought a car and turned it into a truck. They were going to a betterplace, to pick fruit in California. Chapter 9 The depression wore on, and thetenant farmers sold everything they had for half the value. It was all theycould get for their things. They sat there in despair, with unknowing eyes. Theypiled in the trucks and cars and fled the only home any of them had ever known. Chapter 10 The following morning the Joad family left, taking Casy with them andleaving Muley at the old house. They gave him a few chickens to eat, and he toldthem that he would look after the place. The night before they butchered twohogs and salted them down for food on the trip. Al Joad was in charge of drivingand maintaining the truck, all the responsibility was on him. He knew that ifanything happened to the truck that he would have to take the blame. John on theother hand took on a different approach. Years before his wife had died from anappendicidice, and he took the blame for not getting her to a doctor in time. When the guilt grew to heavy he would go out and get drunk. Grandpa had beenlooking forward to the trip until it was time to leave. He refused to go so theygave him a strong cough surpe and it made him drunk. After they got him settleddown they were off to California. Chapter 11 Now the houses were left vacant andcompletely abandoned. When a small little rain fell grass grew up where therewas never any before. The grass grew in between the boards in the porch and thedoors swung open. The families were gone from the land they once loved. Chapter12 The Joad family is just one of many families on route 66, driving theirjalopies west in hope of a better life. Along the way people discourage thefamilies and tell them to go back. They say that the prices are not worth thedrive out there. The families are forced to pay double for what they need. Tiresare a fortune and some places charge for water. The money is limited but, theyhave to pay the price Chapter 13 Al concentrated only on the car and listened toit with his whole body. The family pulled into a gas station and the man at thegas station thought they didnt have any money. The man was also poor becausehe kept giving hand outs. The man wore old clothes and a paper hat. He keptsaying Whats it all comin to? At the gas station the family dog washit by a car. In a way it was a relief that they would not have to feed him but,he was killed right in front of the kids. Grandpa was not getting better, anddied of a seizure. The family did not have enough money for a death certificate,so they buried him along the campsite where they were staying. It was illegalbut, they did not have $40 extra so they wrote a note saying who he was and whenand why he died. Chapter 14 In this chapter the Joad family meet the Wilsons. Tropical Africa: Food Production And The Inquiry M EssayThe Wilsons were from Arkansas. The Joad family met them, and were campedalong side them when grandpa died. They decided to team up together since theWilsons didnt have much food. The Wilsons would follow the Joads toCalifornia. This was the only way that the Joads could show appreciation for theWilsons. Grandpa had died in their tent using their blanket, and they justwanted to show hospitality to the Wilsons. Chapter 15 The chapter discussed thepeople trying to make a living selling food to-go. The people are also trying tomake a living, but the business does not have the money to spend. Others that dohave the money spend it on entertainment. They listen to music and go to shows,but those are the lucky and there are few. Chapter 16 As they went along theWilsons car broke down and they found out it was a connecting rod. The restof the family went ahead to a camp ground while Tom, Al and Casy stayed behindto go back to the near est town and buy the part. Tom and Al went back to a junkyard and met a man with one eye. The man complained that he could never get adate and he did not have much to eat. Tom, got mad at him and told him to getcleaned up and put a patch over his eye. The man just felt sorry for himself. The man did give them a good deal plus they bought a flash light and a socketwrench. Then they went back and fixed the car and went on ahead to the camp. Aman at the camp told them that there was no work in California but, theydidnt let that discourage them. Chapter 17 As the families moved along, theycreated their own system of rules. Rules of not intruding on other peoplesprivacy and to be quiet at night while in camp. It also discussed how thefamilies grew a custom to building their tents each night and tearing them downin the morning. How at first they were unsturdy and as time went on they grew tobe not only sturdy but suitable living spaces. Chapter 18 The family was nowcrossing the last part of Arizona and was doing so by driving at night. At theborder of Arizona they were stopped and questioned by a state trooper as to howlong they planned on staying. They were trying to discourage long stays becausethey did not want migrants staying and being unemployed. Also Grandma was ver yill and unstable. When they were camping along a river one night Noah the secondyoungest son decided to leave the family, he said he would just be in the wayand he would live along the river and eat fish. Tom let him go because he knewit was true and that he could take care of himself. As they went along theyreached the California border and found it to still be desert. They were alittle discouraged but kept going and found it to be lush and fertile land justlike they imagined. Chapter 19 The people are pushed around by cops. Men have noclue as how to provide for their family. There are no chances for them to farmtheir own ground. The jobs dont pay enough for the people to eat, so theystay close to water and starve. The cops cause more trouble than prevent. Thecops are well fed and fat, and they are scared that the people will organize. Ason of a squatter shot and killed a cop while the cop was harassing his father. Thus, leading the cops to believe if a boy could do it, imagine a men. If theyhappen to organize who knows what will happen. Chapter 20 When the Joad familyreaches the a town, they find that there are a lot of families just like them. They all camp on the outside of the towns near water; these places are calledHoovervilles. They try and get information out of one gentleman, but he isplaying dumb, also know as bull-simple it is when if they are asked aquestion they pretend not to hear or not to know. They do hear of a governmentcamp near Weedpatch, but they decide to stay the night. By this time Uncle Johnis starting to feel guilt and he confesses to holding back $5 to go out and havefun with. In change father takes the $5 and gives him $2 and lets him go and getdrunk. Next that same day a man comes along and wants to know if any men want towork. One squatter protest and wants to see the mans license to hire and wantshis wages in writing. A deputy tells the man to get in the car, and the manrefuses. When the mad runs the deputy shoots and hits a woman in the hand. Tomthen trips him and hits him to knock him out. When the deputy comes to Casyconfesses to the crime knowing he would be out of the weather and well fed. After the deputy takes him away Tom comes out of hiding and finds that UncleJohn took off on a drinking binge and that Connie left Rose of Sharon. Connie isno where to be found but, John is found by a creek drunk. To convince John tocome along Tom hits him in the chin and carries him back. They fled camp thatnight in hopes of getting into the government camp. Chapter 21 The chapter tellshow rich land owners are gaining even more power. They are buying canneries neartheir fields and taking the fresh fruit and caning them. The fruit will not rotand can last for years in just a warehouse. The left over fruit is not givenaway to the hungry of even sold it is poisoned with kerosene. The land ownersare so greedy that they will not even give away the excess. They feel they mustmake it unusable. The crippled pigs are killed and covered with quick lime, thusspoiling the meat. As their wealth grows so does the monster. The monster knownas greed. Chapter 22 The Joads were lucky, a family just m oved out and they gota spot to stay. In the government camp there are no cops and the only way theycan enter is if they have a warrant. There is warm running water, toilets and ageneral store. In the morning Tom met a neighbor that feed him breakfast andtook him along and found him a job. Ma sent Pa to the store because, the storegives them a $10 credit. Ma told him to buy meat, beans, carrots, sugar andsomething nice. People in California use the word reds. They are thepeople looking down on the immigrants and are referring to their red cheeks thatthey get from working outside all day long. Also Rose of Sharon meets a ladythat tells her that anyone that has ever been in a play or close danced, will gostraight to hell. This really upsets her and makes her cry. When Tom was at workhis boss warned him that there would be a riot at the dance Saturday night andcops would be waiting to come in. The Joad family is finally happy and beingtreated well. Chapter 23 During the depression the p eople were hungry forentertainment. Sometimes it was as simple as funny talk but other times that didnot suffice. The best form of entertainment was music. First the harmonica wasthe simplest and the cheapest to play. Then came the guitar, it was a pleasureto listen to and difficult to play. Finally, the fiddle the most costly and themost difficult to play. Any of the three were highly valued and small groups ofpeople would gather to listen at night. A joyous tune could lift down spiritsand ease the tension and worry. Chapter 24 Saturday mornings first started outwith the women washing clothes and as the afternoon wore on the people startedgetting ready for the weekly dance. Anyone outside the camp could come to thedance as long as they were invited by a tenants of the camp. The plan was set,there would be look outs station around the camp to look for trouble. Tom and aindian man by the name of Jules were stationed at the front gate to ask thepeople coming in who they were invited b y. The trouble makers plan was to cut inon a mans partner and start a fight. Tom and Jules spotted them right away andwhen they decided to cut in men surrounded them and took them out back while themusic continued. It worked and everything went as planned. Chapter 25 Thechapter discusses the scientist. The scientist are hired to make bigger andsweeter fruit. The scientist also graft trees together, thus making more treeswhich will in turn produce more fruit. Steinbeck points out that men can makebetter fruit but ironically they can not create a system so that the poor caneat the fruit. The fruit is there but no one can afford it. The people are stillstarving because the wealthy can not give away food so they poison it. Thusproving the grapes of wrath. Chapter 26 The Joads are in good living conditionsbut are still without work. They have tried for a month to find work with nosuccess. Ma now plays a unusual role as head of the family. So the familydecides to head north in hopes of ge tting a job picking peaches. When the get tothe orchard there are rioters along the road. Although the living conditions arenot as good they accept the job. The pay is 5 cents a box; for peaches. Afterpicking peaches all afternoon they had earned $1 and went to the store. Priceswere higher and the keeper kept telling ma that if she went where they werecheaper the money she would save would be spent in gas. So ma bought what littleshe could buy. After dinner Tom snuck out of the camp to find out why peoplewere rioting. He stopped along the road to talk to a man and found it to be JimCasy. They talked about what was going on and as they were speaking they heardmen approaching. They went outside and one man accused Casy of leading thestrike, then hit him with a ax handle. Tom took the ax handle and hit the manback and killed him. Tom was once again a wanted man. He went back to the campand hid. The cops would be able to find him because he was hit in the face. Tomwas on the run again f rom the cops. Chapter 27 The migrant people are stillmoving, looking for work. People are trying to get good wages, but there are somany people to do the job, that they cut the prices. It is now cotton season andthe people spend their last dollars on cotton bags. As the people pick and weighin, they write down their own records to make sure that they are not beingcheated. The people are devastated and starving and no one can do anything aboutit. Chapter 28 The Joads flee the peach camp the next day. They hide Tom undermattresses and smuggle him out. The guards question why there is one less manand they tell the guards that the man was just a hitchhiker and they dontknow where he is at. The Joads run to the cotton field for work. They find acamp of workers staying in boxcars and turn one into a home. Tom decides to stayout in the wilderness so that no one can find him. His facial wound would be asure give away. Rose of Sharon is getting closer to having the baby and theyneed to buy m ilk to keep her strong. Picking cotton is not hard work and most ofthe family picks. They find the job to provide plenty of money. They can atleast have a good meal every day. Chapter 29 The chapter talks about the oncoming rains. The rains will last a couple of months. The rains are much likethe peoples spirits, dark and gloomy. The rain will stop all work for months andthe people will starve. No work means no food. The rain leaks in the cars andthe cars wont start. The people are stuck where they are. Chapter 30 The rainhas started. They hoped it would last for only a couple of days but it keptgoing, ceasing all work. They cant pick wet cotton, so the families sit intheir houses and spend their last dollars on food. When the money is out, theyknow that their is no kind of work that they can do to get more money. Rose ofSharon goes into labor. It last a whole day, and when the baby is born it isdead. It had died because of lack of food. They decided to float it down riverand let th e people see what they have done to them. Ma gave Tom the last of themoney and sent him away. He could no longer be part of the family. He was goingto try and lead the people back to prosperity. The men built a little dike, tokeep the water from coming into the camp. But, in time the water spilled overand flooded the cars and the box cars. The Joads fled once again to a barndown the road. Inside they found a starving man, so deprived of food he couldnot talk. Steinbeck shows in the last scene that these people would go on. Roseof Sharon offered her breast milk as food, and the starving man survived. Justlike the reader knew the Joads would survive the tragedy and hardship.

Role of Youth free essay sample

This essay has secured first position in SME Intellectual writing contest 2010 Junior Category. The destiny of a nation is vested with the youngsters. These are the people if guided correctly; they can modify the course of the world. They have the might of extensive thinking, hard struggle, innovation and advancement. The youth are ready to adapt changes because they are young they are in search of truth, they are open to different ideas contrary to the people who are mature and old. Allama Iqbal realized the strength of youth in these wordings: I have love for those youngsters who pull down the stars. Today Pakistan is facing many challenges from within and beyond. Terrorism, drone attacks, pitiful law and order situation, bad economic conditions, education dilemma, corruption, energy crisis and so many others. There are many factors behind these problems, but one of the most important and vital is the foreign influence that is weakening Pakistan. We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Youth or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Pakistan is not completely independent yet.The policies both political and economic are framed partially or completely by the involvement of big players. Their involvement is not confined to that extent but even more, they are spreading defeatist ideas using different tools. Youth are the actual target, they are made confused and thus they start imitating the society of foreign nations. Iqbal in his metaphoric tone exclaimed: â€Å"The falcon that imitates the ways of its prey becomes the prey of its own prey. † The youth generally do not view them fit to combat with national problems.They have no intellect of state matters; they are used and manipulated by different groups. This is because for the youth it is portrayed that they should focus only on education and produce good results, the youth have shown commitment to this idea and they have delivered, but the fact is that their talent is not properly utilized, channelized and appreciated, that is why foreign companies tap this resource and in this way the talent is exploited abroad. On the other way the small segment of talented youth prefer to stay here but still they are not that much fruitful because they generally are not utilized and directed.At this instant Pakistan’s situation is pitiful, the homeland needs the youth but not that idle, self oriented and unconcerned in their national issues. Working honestly in the job or doing well in individual capacity will not bring any real positivity in our affairs. Pakistan needs the youth to expand their domain by doing following: * Think versatile and intense on national problems. * Change the defeatist mentality (For example we cannot survive without IMF loans) * Try to develop understanding of political affairs and economic matters. Recognize the foreign players in the local affairs. * Search to find the peaceful techniques of liberation from neocolonialism. * Open themselves for discussions and exchange ideas. * Invent those thoughts through which our nation can revive in every aspect of life. No doubt the youth of Pakistan is dedicated, enthusiastic with their country but emotions are not enough they need a direction to create a positive Pakistan, youth can attain this direction through constant thinking, discussions, innovations and reasoning.For the real destiny of Pakistan and to bring positive approach, the youth must learn the neglected lessons of truth, justice, bravery and Islamic governance: Learn again the lessons of truth, of justice and of bravery. And you shall be used to lead the world. ~ Allama Mohammad IqbalAllama Iqbal realized the strength of youth in these wordings: I have love for those youngsters who pull down the stars. â€Å"Keep the Qur’an as a mirror before you. You have completely changed, run away from yourself. Fix a balance for your deeds, Stir a commotion which your forbears stirred in the past.    ~ Allama Mohammad IqbalThe Youth of Pakistan are also known as the â€Å"Nation Builders† and we can play a significant role in the development of the country not only economically but also by morally and practically. We have to clear the differences and objections of people and make our efforts to grow Pakistan and fulfill the basic needs of the people which are below the poverty line. We are always aware of the fact that Pakistan is in danger, it is basically strong in the field of weapons but between the people of Pakistan there is so much difference and contradictions that they don’t even try to unite as one.To be one and keep united the people, the people of Pakistan have to eradicate the internal disputes prevailing between them and they have to show maturity as well as a sense of national responsibility. We have to wake up from a deep sleep and invoke the spirit of our founder and bring back our country to its feet. Renowned Scholar, Dr. Tariq Rehman said t hat â€Å"Youth has a significant role in present dismal situation and we need to impart civic education to secure our better future. And also adding the comment of Shabana Fayyaz, lecturer of Quaid-e-Azam University said that â€Å"The best investment under current scenarios would be empowering the youth†. She added that â€Å"We are surrounded by multiple crises and we cannot meet these challenges without an active participation of the youth as a catalyst of change. We should not lose the right path by simply seeing what kind of absurdities and unfair means are already being followed over here, rather we should exemplify good patterns of behavior for the coming generations. We are Young Seagulls, trying to fly without feathers. Our precious gems and valuable assets, youth, in the shape of brilliant students, professionals and people in all walks of life are being discouraged, exploited and humiliated by the corrupt lobby. The problem of the emotional and impatient Pakistanis is diagnosed. The solution is in our hands. They need to change themselves and their attitude and approach must based on sensibility, responsibility, tolerance and patience. We will achieve a Positive and Green Pakistan. INSHAALLAH. A Thing Of Beauty the thing of beauty is joy forever Thing of beauty is joy forever this famous quote which is generally said about beauty, the beauty which imparts great pleasure and joy. It is far away from all wordy affairs. It is that beauty which gives immense happiness which crosses all the boundaries of world. Beauty is term which is generally associated with woman. It is a term which had wide implications. Beauty can be categorized as external and internal beauty. The external beauty is one which is associated with senses. It is the sensual beauty. Beautiful object after seeing appeals to our senses, and when that beauty touches our soul is internal beauty. It is that beauty which magnifies and glorifies our soul. It is in true sense the beauty of soul. Internal beauty is the power to reveal the hidden structure of the external world. As it is rightly said The greatest treasure are those seen individuals to the eye but found by the heart.This is true beauty. It is the beauty attached with almighty. No object in this world can be termed as beautiful unless it is felt internally. External beauty can impress us for a particular time period, but it is internal beaty which engulfs the soul and leaves an everlasting impression. It is that beauty which world remembers through years. It is past memories which are beautiful which recollects in tranquility. As the most beautiful things can be seen or even touched they can be felt by heart. External beauty is one which tends to decay with passage of time. It is mortal. As it is rightly said: beautiful woman is one whose heart is filled with virtue and love. It is internal beauty which is immortal. It does not fade with time, but reaches the height of zenith. But it is sad state of affair that people nowadays gives importance to external appearance. As first impression is the last, but they forget that beyond that last beauty exists the true beauty. Beauty is not in the face it is a light in the heart. People should

Legendary Lycurgus the Lawgiver of Sparta

Legendary Lycurgus the Lawgiver of Sparta Athens had its Solon, the law-giver, and Sparta, its Lycurgus- at least thats what we like to believe. Like the origins of the reforms of Lycurgus, the man himself is wrapped in legend. Plutarch on Lycurgus Rise to Power Plutarch tells the story of Lycurgus as if he had been a real person, albeit an eleventh-generation descendant of Hercules, since the Greeks generally ascribed genealogy that went back to the gods when writing about important figures. In Sparta there were two kings who jointly shared the power. Lycurgus, according to Plutarch, was the younger son of one of these two kings. His older brothers wife was pregnant when both Lycurgus brother and father died, and so, the unborn would have become king- assuming it was a boy- in time. Lycurgus sister-in-law proposed to Lycurgus, saying she would do away with the child if he would marry her. In that way both she and Lycurgus would maintain power in Sparta. Lycurgus pretended to agree with her, but instead of having the child killed after birth, as was a Greek custom, Lycurgus presented the child to the men of Sparta, naming the child and saying that he was their future king. Lycurgus himself was to act as guardian and advisor until the baby ca me of age. Lycurgus Travels to Learn About Law When slander about the motives of Lycurgus got out of hand, Lycurgus left Sparta and went to Crete where he became familiar with the Cretan law code. Plutarch says Lycurgus met Homer and Thales on his travels. Recalled to Sparta, Lycurgus Institutes His Laws (Rhetra) Eventually, the Spartans decided they needed Lycurgus back and persuaded him to return to Sparta. Lycurgus agreed to do so, but first he had to consult with the Delphic Oracle. The advice of the oracle was so well respected that it would add authority to whatever was done in its name. The oracle said that the laws (rhetra) of Lycurgus would become the most famous in the world. Lycurgus Changes Spartas Social Organization With the oracle on his side, Lycurgus instituted changes in the Spartan government and provided Sparta with a constitution. In addition to changes to the government, Lycurgus altered the economy of Sparta, banning ownership of gold or silver and useless occupations. All men were to eat together in common mess halls. Lycurgus reformed Sparta socially, too. Lycurgus started the state-run education system, including the training of women, the peculiar non-monogamous Spartan marriages, and the role of the state in deciding which newborn was fit to live. Lycurgus Tricks the Spartans Into Keeping His Laws When it appeared to Lycurgus that all was being done according to his suggestions and that Sparta was on the right track, he told the Spartans that he had one more important mission. Until he returned, they were under oath not to change the laws. Then Lycurgus left Sparta and disappeared forever. That is the (condensed) story of Lycurgus, according to Plutarch. Herodotus also says the Spartans thought the laws of Lycurgus came from Crete. Xenophon says Lycurgus made them up, while Plato says the Delphic Oracle provided them. Regardless of their origin, the Delphic Oracle played an important role in the acceptance of the laws of Lycurgus. The Great Rhetra Heres a passage from Plutarchs Life of Lycurgus on his obtaining an oracle from Delphi about the establishment of his form of government: When thou has built a temple to Zeus Syllanius and Athena Syllania, divided the people into phylai, and divided them into obai, and established a Gerousia of thirty including the Archagetai, then from time to time appellazein between Babyka and Knakion, and there introduce and repeal measures; but the Demos must have the decision and the power.

Ban of DDT in the US Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ban of DDT in the US - Essay Example The book listed the negative impact of pesticides on the environment, particularly wildlife and birds. It also argued that DDT was hazardous to the human health, causing cancer. The book was widely read causing an uproar in the general public, apart from already frowning scientists fraternity. The result was that in 1962, President Kennedy ordered the Science Advisory Committee (SAC) to probe into Carson’s claims and establish their validity. SAC in turn agreed with Carson’s claim and recommended phasing out the DDT from usage. DDT has the property of getting accumulated in the animal tissues, particularly in animals that are higher in food chain. Thus apex predators (such as bald eagle) and marine animals( such as crayfish, sea shrimp) were majorly poisoned due to DDT. It was also found out that DDT causes long term reproductive problems in birds (such as birds of prey, waterfowl) as the shell thins down. As per Environmental Defence Fund studies, even low doses of DDT on a continuous bases might result in pre mature birth and low birth babies( for the babies who were exposed to DDT before birth) and decreased duration of milk supply in nursing mothers (Environmental Defense Fund). Studies also show that prevalence of diabities increases with serum DDT level (Jones, Maguire and Griffin 287-8). Food webs represent the predator-prey relationship between the species in earth’s ecosystem. Scientists claimed that DDT and its residuals were carried from the warmer regions of the earth to the Arctic, through global distillation, causing accumulation of the toxic elements in the Arctic food web. When DDT is used in much larger quantities, than required for controlling Malaria carrying mosquitoes, the mosquitoes become resistant to the pesticide , thus greatly reducing its effect. In agriculture , usage of large quantities of DDT led to the problem of mosquito resistance. DDT ban is seen as a major

One Day Training Programme for Big Idea Limited Assignment

One Day Training Programme for Big Idea Limited - Assignment Example Since the company lacks experience in managing such events so it has approached our consultancy firm to design the way in which such a training programme can be managed. Concept of Project Management (PM) and its strategy All over the world, most of PM practitioners prefer to use Project Management Board of Knowledge (PMBoK) and Projects In Controlled Environments (PRINCE2) methodologies as they are the standardized ones. According to PMI (2008), both methodologies suggest that the projects should get started with a Project Initiation phase that helps in identifying the main requirements of the owners. However, in case of Big Idea Ltd., preparing a Feasibility study or Business case is most appropriate which is the latest tool used by PM practitioners (Field & Keller, 2007). Business case is described by Gardiner (2005) as a tool that is standard in Project Management with the aim of providing analysis of three crucial features of projects i.e. managerial, technical and financial so that a solution can be derived in accordance with the customer’s set of requirements. Business case has been used by Project Management practitioners as it eases the management team in making sound decision in future about project related to its objectives and scope (Ali, Anbari, & Money, 2008). Since Project Initiation Phase is of utmost importance in every project, it is vital for the PM practitioner to ensure that this phase is properly worked out. According to Kerzner (2009) and Turner (2009), Project Initiation phase must have to two outputs; one is there should be an appointed Project Manager and second output is Project Initiation Document known as PID. While the process of initial project development is progressing and project objectives are being defined, PM practitioners identify two sets of factors that will be used for measurement of project’s success (Haas, 2006). According to PMI (2008), the first set of factors is made from the success criteria which com prise of dependents variable that will assess the successful project’s outcome i.e. time, quality and cost. While, second set of factors set comprise of success factors that consist of independent variables that have influence on success criteria’s successful achievement i.e. project assumptions and constraints. Figure 1: Project Life Cycle Source: Lock (2003) The project objective for Big Idea Ltd can be defined as: To design and prepare a one day UG Project Management Training Programme for Level 3 Undergraduate students to make them understand the application of Microsoft Project and Critical Path Analysis for delivery on 1st September 2012 with a maximum budget of ?40,000. When the project initiation phase ends and project is approved by the concerned authorities, the next phase of the project life is project development phase. Olsson and Magnussen (2007) and Shenhar (2008), the second phase of Project Life Cycle is the most crucial one as at this stage the project is either made or broken. At this stage, the project is refined as formation of project team takes place along with setting of various plans and activities for implementation, monitoring and control are completed. Project Development phase helps in setting the project boundaries and identification of details and requirements of the projects (Kwak, Anbari, 2008). Turner (2009) defined the second phase as the identification of activities that will allow operations

Balcony and monument scenes Essay Example for Free

Balcony and monument scenes Essay Write about the effectiveness of Shakespeares imagery in The Banquet, Balcony and Monument Scenes of Romeo and Juliet That which we call a rose by any other word would smell as sweet. Shakespeare uses imagery and metaphors throughout Romeo and Juliet to great effect. By using language, instead of props or backdrops to produce a vivid picture, he is engaging the audience more and making them think for themselves. This dramatic technique is used to the best effect in the Banquet, Balcony and Monument scenes, when portraying Romeo and Juliets love. The Banquet scene is the first time Romeo sees Juliet, so the language used has to make a big impact so as to convey to the Elizabethan audience that this is true love, in contrast with Romeos infatuation with Rosaline. O she doth teach the torches to burn bright. Shakespeare uses alliteration on teach the torches and burn bright to make Romeos words sound more beautiful and poetic, ideally like a sonnet. The words are coincidently very much like one of Shakespeares sonnets, Sonnet 21, where he contrasts light with dark. Shakespeare uses this same comparison throughout the play to convey emotions, foreshadow tragedy and express the stages of the young love to the audience. In a way, Romeo and Juliets devotion is like light against the dark background of feuding families. By claiming that Juliet is brighter than any other torch, Romeo is directly comparing her to other girls, in particular Rosaline. When Romeo speaks of Rosaline, he uses the language of Elizabethan courtly love. All his feelings are quite contained in comparison to the poetic imagery he uses upon seeing Juliet for the first time. He says about Rosaline Shes fair I love, which in Shakespeares time was the sort of language one would use when describing their love. However, Romeo describes Juliets beauty as too rich for use and later claims that he neer saw true beauty till this night. The audience knows straight away that this is true love. But the audience is also aware of the fact that this love is doomed, and there is some irony in a number of Romeos lines. Beauty too rich for use, for earth too dear. This suggests that Juliet is out of Romeos reach, which, being a Capulet, she is. He is also comparing her to an angel or heavenly creature, which he does throughout the play. This is Shakespeares way of showing that although these are young lovers, they are very spiritual too. The idea that she belongs to heaven because she is too good for earth builds up a feeling of unease and sadness in the audience, as they know she is going to die and therefore will not belong to the Earth anymore. This spiritual imagery is used when the lovers exchange their first words. Romeo tries to entice Juliet by referring to her as his holy shrine and to his lips as two blushing pilgrims. This shows Romeo to be a more sensitive and poetic character, which makes the audience, and Juliet, fall in love with him. By referring to her as his holy shrine he is showing the audience that he idolises her, and sees himself as lowly compared to her beauty. This speech between them is laid out in sonnet form. Sonnets are generally about love, which emphasises to the audience that Romeo and Juliet are in love. It also contributes to Romeos poetic image. Upon walking home later that evening, Romeo decides he has to see Juliet again. He finds his way into her garden and stands by the balcony. Romeo sees Juliet at her window. He exaggerates the pale flicker of the candlelight to describe it as the East. But soft, what light through yonder window breaks? It is the east and Juliet is the sun. Shakespeare is using Romeos dialogue to light the stage. He puts a clear image into the audiences minds. Again Romeo is comparing Juliet to light; this time the sun, the brightest light of all. This is his poetic way of declaring that she is the brightest and most beautiful of girls. It also signifies how very important she is to him, as the sun is imperative to everyday life. The light from Juliets window is said to break through. This could imply a breakthrough in Romeos love life; he has found his soul mate. In the Balcony scene Shakespeare uses language about the moon to help create a scene in the audience members mind. This means they are more involved in the play, and can imagine themselves there in the moonlight. Arise fair sun and kill the envious moon, Who is already sick and pale with grief That thou her maid art far more fair than she. It is interesting that Romeo compares Juliets beauty to the moon here, as he has just described her as his sun. In mythology, Diana, the Goddess of the moon, is served by virgin maids. Being a virgin, Juliet is depicted as one of these maids, but Romeo believes that Diana is jealous of Juliets beauty. He asks her to stop serving the moon, and therefore stop being a virgin and become his lover instead. This shows Romeo is passionate in a sexual way about Juliet, which would be quite exciting to an Elizabethan audience member, as sex was not as commonly talked about as it is now. The fact that the moon is sick and pale with grief could be foreshadowing future grief for the couple. By asking the sun to arise, Romeo is wishing the day to come, therefore reminding the audience that it is night. When Romeo decides to reveal himself to Juliet she, feeling embarrassed and shocked, asks him who he is. Of course he has recently discovered she is the daughter of his familys enemy, and feels his name is hurtful to her. By a name I know not how to tell thee who I am. My name, dear saint, is hateful to myself,Because it is an enemy to thee. Romeo and Juliet strongly believe in their names being a now unwanted allegiance to their family. Despite the fact that their names are just words, both of the star crossed lovers feel they are chains, locking them to their families, and keeping them away from each other. Again he refers to Juliet as a saint. This would seem high praise to an audience of very religious Elizabethans. In Shakespearean times, exploring was very popular and a lot of new lands were being found. Because travel was not as easy then as it is now, and the knowledge of the world was not as advanced, exploring new lands was very exciting and appealing to the Elizabethans, which was why it was a popular subject matter and why Shakespeare used it throughout the play. I am no pilot, yet wert thou as far, As that vast shore washed with the farthest sea, I should adventure for such merchandise. The word adventure is used here because in the Elizabethan times, international traders were known as Merchant adventurers. It also suggests that Romeo finds his and Juliets love very exciting, as adventure is usually associated with new and exciting things. Shakespeares use of imagery to convey Romeos love as a new found land helps to set a picture in the audiences minds of a far off tropical shore. In Shakespeares time there would not have been a lot of back drops and flats setting the stage, so it would be up to the audience to imagine their own scenery, and up to the playwright to use the correct language to stimulate these thoughts. Romeo describes himself being hidden from the eyes of Juliets guards and family. I have nights cloak to hide me from their eyes. Again Shakespeare is using light and dark to set a scene for the audience. His actors would not have had the electrical lighting actors have now, so he would have to create moods and light by using words. Romeo is telling the audience it is dark, so it is easier to imagine. This contrast is used a lot in the monument scene too. When Romeo hears that Juliet is dead he goes to the tomb where she is said to be. After killing Paris he looks at Juliet for the last time. He describes the days they spent together as A lightning before death, because it was believed in those days that before somebody died, they would seem very well and happy temporarily. This is the contrast between light and dark again, which adds mood to the scene; the audience knows Romeo is deeply saddened by the sudden death of Juliet and, because of this, so are they. The word lightning makes you think of lightning as in a quick flash. Their romance was very sudden and over quickly, but very enlightening all the same. Romeo mentions Juliets beauty despite her death too, especially concentrating on her lips and cheeks. Beautys ensign yet Is crimson in thy lips and in thy cheeks Romeo talks about Juliets beauty a lot throughout the play. In the balcony scene he says The brightness of her cheek would shame those stars and then proclaims O that I were a cheek upon that hand. It is interesting how Romeo talks of Juliets cheeks so much. Perhaps Shakespeare is trying to link the two scenes together to show that Romeos love for Juliet was present from the beginning to the end of their relationship. He still felt the same for her when she was dead as he did when their love was blooming. I will raise her statue in pure gold Montague says this of Juliet in the last scene. Gold was a very expensive and prized material to the Elizabethan audience and so proves that Montague means well. It is a bit ironic that he is comparing her to a statue, because in the first scene Romeo and Juliet meet, the banquet scene, he describes her as a holy shrine. It is a very sad moment as the audience are reminded how happy the lovers used to be. The audience really benefits from Shakespeares imagery as it brings the play to life. It makes the words far more beautiful and the characters easier to relate to. Romeo seems more poetic and easier to fall in love with. Juliet appears to be intelligent and loving. Without the imagery the audience would not feel as involved with the plot, and would therefore not sympathise with the characters. The imagery heightens the emotions of the audience and confirms Romeo and Juliet as one a Shakespeares greatest tragedies.

Market Size :: essays research papers

Market size and Growth The perspective size of the market is based on the number of schools that will potentially allow our organization to teach their students. There are only 13 states in which financial education is required or offered which leaves us with a large potential to spread financial education to 37 other states as well as better cater to the school systems who already have a finance program. This is our key to market growth and ultimately market potential. Since the fall 2001 68.5 million people were enrolled in school the potential for growth is rather larger. Since our company focuses primarily on teens and finance it is our specialty, our primary and only target market, where as for other companies it is a secondary market. Diversity in the United State There continue to be problems on the job caused by peoples' racial and cultural misunderstanding of their differences. It is possible to hire people to respect those of other cultures and races. As I enter into this subject of diversity I would like to give a clear definition t what diversity is? According to an article from the University of Maryland Diversity Database~" Moving Towards Community" entitled Diversity in the workplace Work Teams and Diversity. It is define as the ways people in organizations differ in many ways race, gender, ethnic group, age, personality, cognitive style, tenure, organizational function, and more. There is also the fact that diversity not only involves how people think of others and how this affects their interaction but how they conceive of themselves. What are the problems that relate to diversity in the American workplace? Race is one of the problems in the American workplace, for some time whites male has dominated the workforce for generations, but things has changed since so many different nationalities of other ethnic groups are now living in American that this work domination of white males can longer exist in its present controlling state. According to Angeles Arrien "Cultural diversity is a business reality today. The ability to build bridges between people from different countries, with different ethnic backgrounds, is as important as any other business function. Working in a culturally and ethnically diverse organization does not mean elimination differences in style and approach, but celebrating those differences and tapping into the much strength diversity brings to and organization. Angeles Arrien goes on to say that The Bureau of Vocational Guidance at Harvard, found that at least two-thirds of the people that lose their jobs do not do so because they cannot do the work, but because of their inability to deal effectively with people.

Importance of Marketing Essay

Marketing helps guide businesses in making strategic decisions by identifying growth opportunities and developing creative ways to approach those opportunities. Through successful marketing, a business will conduct extensive research, strategize and plan, brand the product, conduct product development, train the sales force, establish points of purchase, use public relations, and follow-up with good customer service. Marketing is the activity of a business organization that identifies customers, markets, as well as market segments and develops products or services to meet the needs of the customers by offering value of a product or service in exchange for profits and revenues for the business. In brief, marketing informs, educates, and persuades and it is paramount to the achievement of business success2. INTRODUCTION 2.1. BackgroundMarketing can be described as advertising a product. Marketing occurs when a company is trying to persuade costumers to buy the product that they produce over another company’s product. Marketing includes intensive research so that the company can get an outlook at what is the current trend in the marketplace. The problem is that marketing in theory contains these following activities also known as the 4-Ps which are developing the product, pricing the product, promoting the product and deciding what people to sell the product. 2.2. Purpose of the reportThis report aims to give basics of marketing comcept that is the most vital fact in business life for success. This report will tell why marketing has become so important in business life. 2.3. Statement of the problemAn organization cannot be successful unless the organization is satisfying its customers’ needs. This is because a product cannot simply be produced and expected to be sold. Although the idea for most is to create a product or service that â€Å"sells itself,† the product or service must create some consumer satisfaction to be able to sell itself. In order for there to be consumer satisfaction, economic utility must be derived from the product or service3. METHODOLOGY Information has been gathered through research of websites, journals and books as well as own interpretation and ideas on how marketing is seen important in contributing to the profitability of any company. 4. FINDINGS4.1. What is marketing?Marketing is a very general term that has no specific definition to it. However, it is best described as â€Å"A social and managerial process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and value with others† (Kotler, Brown, Adam and Armstrong, 2004). It is an understanding of how the company works with its consumers and how it generates in the society. Marketing is seen to be the process of ‘bringing in the businesses’. It is not seen to be an alternative, but a necessity (Forsyth, 2004). Many people consider marketing as a tactic. However it is more than just a tactic. Marketing is analysis. According to Allen Weiss (2002), marketing is the analysis of customers, competitors, and a company by incorporating the understanding of competitive analysis and company capabilities into a general understanding of what the existing segments are. 4.2. Impact of MarketingMarketing deals with identifying and meeting human and social needs. Marketing can be defined as the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods, and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational goals. (Kotler, 2004) According to the American Marketing Association defines marketing as an organizational function and a set of processes for creating, communicating, and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stake holders. (Kotler, 2004)According to the Marketing Principals book marketing can be defined as an organizational philosophy has been based on the marketing concept. This concept consists of three interrelated principles such as:†¢An organization’s basic purpose is to satisfy customer needs. †¢Satisfying customer needs requires integrated and coordinated efforts throughout the organization. †¢Organizations should focus on long-term success. Based on these definitions, explain the importance of marketing in organizational success. Marketing is important in an organization success. Marketing is a broad topic that covers a range of aspects, including advertising, public relations, sales, and promotions. Marketing is important because it creates the core for the company. Marketing helps provide a service for the customer. Making the customer happy is the goal of the company. If a company does not know what the client wants the company will not survive. The strategy in which the company uses is important to the company success. Marketing is the key for an organization to succeed. First, marketers create a need in the mind of consumers. If they do not have a need for the product, they won’t buy it. Then they have to come up with a product which will delight the consumers, and keep them coming back again and again. This is needed to build a long-term relationship with consumers. If marketing gets them to purchase the product once, this would be a good outcome, but marketing should work to make them into lifelong loyal customers. A company is coming out with a new produce which will revolutionize the building industry. It makes building homes effortless. Sales of the product are lower than predicted. Research has found that many people are unaware of the product. One has made an idea to have a campaign marketing the benefits of the new product. Customers began to realize that there was a great need for the product which was being advertised. So, the customers began to purchase the product. No awareness is equated to any sales. (Personal communication, November 04, 2007)An established brand of toothpaste is seeing its sale’s drop. No one can understand why. The product has been used for years; however, the company has done little advertising in the past few years because the product was so well established. Once a new ad campaign hit the waves, sales increased once more. Why? Well customers forget about products if they are not reminded. To maintain long-term customers, they need to be continues reminded of the product and they need to remember how much the product delights them, and how well the product performs. But re-establishing advertising, one must reinforce the communication link with customers. (Personal communication, November 04, 2007)A person is looking to buy a luxury car. They have the money, and one has the knowledge about the many competitors. What decision should the guy make? The guy ends up buying a car with the company that has the best customer relations. They buy it at the place where they are treated with respect and class, where they feel involved in every step of the journey, where they know they made the right decision. After they buy the car, their relationship with the company does not end there; the customer can join clubs, attend financial seminars, attend wine and cheese events. All things build customer relationships which are strong and make the consumer happy. And the next time the consumer is in the market for a new car, they won’t shop around – they will return to the same dealership. (Personal communication, November 04, 2007)Marketing is more than just a company trying to sell the product. Marketing involves a great deal of research. Marketing also includes developing the product, pricing the product, promoting the product and deciding what people to sell the product. One has to be able to understand marketing so that it can be used in real life situations. 4.3. Why Marketing is Importantâ€Å"Marketing management is accomplished by carrying out marketing research, planning, implementation, and control† (Kotler, 2004). Marketing plays a major role in every business. It is very important as it contributes to the profitability of the company itself. â€Å"Relationship marketing involves creating, maintaining and enhancing strong, value-laden relationship with customers and other stakeholders. â€Å"They must build strong economic and social ties by promising and consistently delivering high quality products, good service and fair prices,† (Kotler, Brown, Adam and Armstrong, 2004). Furthermore, when both customers and producers are mutually beneficial from this relationship, profitable transactions will follow. Knowledge of marketing strategy and market research is crucial in order to excel in marketing. 4.3.1 Five key factors to an effective marketingForsyth (2004) stated five factors which summarizes the effectiveness of marketing. a)Customer oriented. Company needs to focus on the wants and demands of the consumers. Profits come only after the consumers are satisfied. b)Continuously deployed. Marketing must be ready all the time as the company operates. c)Effective coordination. Marketing must logically co-ordinate its activities with the involvement of other departments and senior management team. d)Creativeness. Creativeness is needed during competitive times. By adding creativeness, marketing will be stronger. e)Underpinning culture. What makes marketing possible is not only depended on the people in marketing, but also the contributions from professional staffs in other departments are indeed needed (Forsyth, 2004). 4.3.2 Market Researchâ€Å"Marketing Research is the function that links the consumer, customer, and public to the marketer through information–information used to identify and define marketing opportunities and problems; generate, refine, and evaluate marketing actions; monitor marketing performance; and improve understanding of marketing as a process† (Kotler, Brown, Adam and Armstrong, 2004). â€Å"By 1957 †¦ as markets moved from seller to buyer, new ideas of ‘marketing were taking hold. Companies began to grasp the importance of understanding what the consumers really wanted; it could no longer be assumed to be the same as it always had,† (V alentine & Gordon, 2000)Marketing research is basically the function that connects the consumer, customer and public to the marketer through information. There are four steps of market research. The first step is defining the problem; this is the hardest step of market research. If an inexperience manager define the problem wrongly, the whole market research will be affected hence the information will be inappropriate. Once, the problem has defined, the manager should determine, the research objectives which may fall in the three categories such as exploratory, descriptive or casual research. The second step is designing the research which will consist of determining what information should be gathered and how data will be collected. In this case, the data can be primary data collection or secondary data collection. The third step is implementing the plan which usually can be done by the internal staff or external firm. After the plan has implemented, the raw data will be prepared in order to get the information. The last step is interpreting the data; the researches will need to present the overall information to the marketing manager to be carried out to the next marketing process. 4.3.3 Marketing EnvironmentIt is important to determine the environment that the company is working in. The marketing environment refers to the actors and forces outside the marketing management’s skills to cultivate as well as maintain successful transactions with targeted customers (Kotler, Brown, Adam and Armstrong, 2004). Certain environmental complications and issues can severely affect the profitability of the company. Environmental complications and issues include the breakdown of economy (local economy and international economy), inflation, boom, trend, customer’s dissatisfaction and others. The company should be able to adapt to such changes of the environment, or else the company’s profit will significantly decrease. This would affect the company’s growth as well as driving o ff loyal customers. 4.3.3.1 The micro-environmentIt could simply be defined as the forces nearest to the company, which affect the company’s capability of serving its customers. Certain types of micro-environments that the company needs to take notice of are, for example, other departments, major suppliers, marketing representatives, customers and competitors (Kotler, Brown, Adam and Armstrong, 2004). Most of these environments can be ‘controlled’ by the company itself. 4.3.3.2 The Macro-environmentâ€Å"The macro-environment consists of the larger societal forces that affect the whole micro-environment – demographic, economic, natural, technological, political and cultural forces,† (Kotler, Brown, Adam and Armstrong, 2004). Most of these cannot be ‘controlled’ by the company. 4.3.4 Marketing Segmenting, Targeting, Positioningâ€Å"Market segmentation is the act of grouping customers in markets with some heterogeneity into smaller, more similar or homogene ous segments† (Dibb and Simkin, 2001). There are four variables that the business can choose to segment their markets; geographic, demographic, psychographic and behavioral variables. The business can choose to segment in one variable or a combination between two or three variables. However, in order to achieve an effective segmentation, the business should have the characteristic of measurability, accessibility, and substantiality and action ability. The next step, the business has to decide on which market segment they should target on, which classified of undifferentiated marketing, differentiated marketing or concentrated marketing. Once a business has decided which segments of the market it will enter, they must decide which ‘positions’ they want to occupy in those segments. Product position means â€Å"the way the product is defined by consumers on important attributes; the place product occupies in consumers’ minds relative to competing product† (Kotler, Brown, Adam and Armstrong, 2004). They can position their products according to specific product attributes, benefits, users’ occasions, certain classes of users, against a competitor, away from competitor and product classes. In brief, by dividing market into a group of consumers who have a similar needs and wants, the business can achieve consumers’ satisfaction easier rather than if they concentrate on broadly market. Hence, when the business can satisfy the consumers, the consumers will develop a brand loyalty. â€Å"Customers can’t fully give loyalty until they believe a company genuinely cares about them and cares about their needs† (Hein, 2004). Moreover, as brand loyalty has formed, the business will be able to receive a profit, which should be supported with accurate product positioning. 4.3.5 Marketing MixMarketing mix is a set of â€Å"controllable marketing variables that the company combines to produce the feedback it wants in the targeted market† (Kotler, Brown, Adam a nd Armstrong, 2004). Marketing mix consists of 4Ps – Product, Price, Place and Promotion. Product is defined as â€Å"anything that can be offered to a market for attention, acquisition, use or consumption that might satisfy a want or need† (Kotler, Brown, Adam and Armstrong, 2004).In order to produce a product, a business has to concern about the level of product; core, actual and augmented product. The core product is â€Å"the problem solving services or core benefits that the consumers are really buying when they obtained the product† (Kotler, Brown, Adam and Armstrong, 2004). Actual product is â€Å"product’s part, styling, features, brand name, packaging a d other attributes that combine to deliver core product benefits† (Kotler, Brown, Adam and Armstrong, 2004). Whereas the augmented product is â€Å"additional consumer services and benefits build around the core and actual products† (Kotler, Brown, Adam and Armstrong, 2004). The second element of marketin g mix is price. Price is â€Å"the amount of money charged for a product or the sum of value consumers exchange for the benefits of having or using a product† (Kotler, Brown, Adam and Armstrong, 2004). There two factors that the business should apply before set up the price; internal and external factors. Then, they can choose which type of pricing that suit the product; cost-plus, value-based, competitive or relationship-based pricing. The third element is Place, which is defined as â€Å"making products available in the right quantities and locations when customers want them† (Kotler, Brown, Adam and Armstrong, 2004). It includes physical distributions, inventory, location, transport, and channels. Intermediaries (marketing channel) are the one which distribute the product from the producer to consumer. The last element is Promotion. It simply means the transmitting merits of the products and persuading target consumers to buy them. At the start of the products lifecycle, promotion is necessary so that potential customers know of the existence of the product. Once the product grows, promotion must become more persuasive and encourage consumers to make a purchase. 4.3.6 ImplementationMarketing implementing is to translate the plans into actions. For the successful marketing implementation, â€Å"company has to blend these elements: action programs, organization structure, decision and reward system, human resources and company culture – into a cohesive program that supports its strategies† (Kotler, Brown, Adam and Armstrong, 2004). 4.3.7 ControllingMarketing control referred as â€Å"the process of measuring and evaluating the results of marketing strategies and plans, and taking corrective action to ensure that marketing objectives are attained† (Kotler, Brown, Adam and Armstrong, 2004). The manager should control the marketing implementation by setting a goal , measure and evaluate the performance and also correcting the error of implementation. 4.4. Marketing and BrandingProduct is the core of marketing, which including tangible goods like food or drinks or intangible services, as it is the major way to embody customers requirements; and, branding is directly associated with it. In fact, branding is all about decisio ns of products, like brand names or trademarks. Stork (2007) asserted that a brand is a unique business identity which represents the personality, quality or origin of products. And, such a product which added value by branding would appear in every activity of marketing, namely, branding is actually react on the whole marketing system directly and indirectly. In addition, Stork (2007) also argued that branding is the process of creating distinctive and durable perceptions in the minds of consumers. This is significant, as it accords with the objective of marketing, and it is the first step to attract customers. By contrast with those basic branding factors, brand loyalty is more complicated but significant. Attracting customers is not enough, organizations demand loyalty of customers to brands to make them competitive among others. Therefore, based on the analysis of theories above, branding and brand loyalty is vital to successful marketing, but there are still many other factors could affect their importance within the dynamic environment, like the different industry will have different types of marketing and branding. Subsequently, the further and deeper investigation will be conducted with examples of Virgin Atlantic Airway, which is a super brand in airline industry. Virtually, Design Council of UK (2007) defined that the airline industry is difficult to operate. Fixed costs are high, demand can fluctuate quite dramatically and shortages of key airport infrastructure all make it difficult for airlines to operate profitably. Relatively, the marketing for airline industry is not easy as well; the promotion or pricing would be totally different to other industries like food or drink, because its products are distinctive. However, Virgin Atlantic is doing quite well in general, it is famous on its branding and its services and it did won many rewards on that, like it came out on top in a consumer survey of travel brands in 2006. (Business Source Premier, 2006) As discussed before, a brand is a unique business identity, and a well managed one would be the asset of an organization, and the marketing and financial value associated with its strength in a market is so-called brand equity. (Dibb et al, 2001) According to Dibb et al (2001), there are four main elements underlie the brand equity, which are brand name awareness, brand loyalty, perceived brand quality and brand associations. It is good for customers to know the brand names of products which they do or do not like, thereby, they can recognize and purchase products that satisfy their needs simply. Otherwise, the product selection would be complicated or even wrongly selection. At the same time, it is clear that brand name awareness is the very first step for sellers, which would cause familiarity; and a unique brand name or logo may reinforce the familiarity to be memorable, which will strongly remain custom ers to come again. Due to that, organizations should promote their brand names or logos as much as possible within this stage, to gain awareness of their brands from customers. For example, one of marketing techniques of Virgin Atlantic is to advertising activity in the UK includes TV, press, magazines, outdoor posters and taxi sides, all featuring their distinctive logo. Advertising is used to encourage people to try the airline, to raise awareness of new product developments and new routes. (Virgin Atlantic, 2007)The perceived brand quality means certain perception of customers over the brand quality. This sort of perception mainly depends on consumers’ using experiences or the way organizations branded. Well marketed brands would become the indicators of quality or choice making for consumers as they have less or no ideas about the quality of certain goods in some case. As branded of its services, Virgin Atlantic is giving their customers what they want, by offering limousine services, full m eal catering, multi-class services, and entertainment consoles on every seat-back. (Stealing Share, 2006) Thus, the perceived brand quality of Virgin aircrafts is quite high; customers probably would consider it firstly or secondly while they are choosing an airline that is good at customer services. Thirdly, the brand would be more attractive and memorable if it associated with certain lifestyle or other characteristics. Virgin is one of the best choices for illustrating this point. As one of extended brands of Virgin Group, Virgin Atlantic is absolutely under the organizational culture as well, which characterized by Richard Branson, the founder of the company. Virgin’s brand values are really Branson style, which are innovative, competitive challenging, fun and so on and this also embodies in Virgin Atlantic. For instance, Virgin’s design teams always working on challenging new technologies or services, like the design of its upper class suite. (Design Council, 2007) Or, the entertainment consoles on every seat-back shows their focus on providing fun to customers. Like other three elements discussed above, brand loyalty is also valued to brand equity thanks to its function. Dibb et al (2001) defined that brand loyalty is a strongly motivated and long standing decision to purchase a particular product or service. Once customers loyal to one specific product, the market share of that product for the company would be relatively stable, allowing the company to use its resources more effectively or obtain premium prices. In line with what discussed before, organizations could be competitive with a relative stable market share among their competitors through brand loyalty, and meanwhile companies can diminish certain costs like the cost of attracting new customers. Moreover, brand loyalty has three degrees that are recognition, preference and insistence. The recognition is just alike as awareness of brand name; customers realize that brand is an alternative to purchase. Brand preference is stronger than recognition, as customers is showing certainly prefers on one brand over others, but they would accept substitutes wh ile the brand is not available. The last degree is the strongest one as consumers would insistent on the particular brand and will accept no substitutes. (Dibb et al, 2001) Though, it is less to happen due to various reasons, like in the airline industry, it is difficult for customers to insistent on one brand thanks to limitation of airline routes and destinations. 5. CONCLUSION Marketing is a unique and vast area of business. All the success of a business depends on a successful marketing campaign. There is also much more to marketing than what is discussed here. One fundamental of any marketing program is that it work toward meeting the wants and needs of customers in the target area. Trying to force feed a product or service to an unwanting public is seldom successful and is very expensive. Which is why it is very important to research and develop all new marketing ideas so that they fit the product being offered. Do you sell ice cold lemonade on a freezing winter day? A better suggestion would be hot chocolate. However, innovation and new marketing techniques can be offered where you can do both at their respective seasons. Its all about marketing. The challenges and obstacles involved with corporate longevity are faced and championed through marketing and its strategies. Important aspects of marketing are the acquisition of new clients, branding, and influencing behaviors that encourage sales. Each of these categories promotes business expansion and prosperity. Each organization has their own recipe for marketing and succes. 6. REFERENCESD ibb, Simkin, Pride, Ferrell (2001), Marketing—Concepts and Strategies, Houghton Mifflin CompanyEleven lessons: Managing design in eleven global brands (Virgin Atlantic), (2007), In: Design Council [online]. Available from: http://www.designcouncil.org.uk/en/About-Design/managingdesign/Design-at-Virgin-Atlantic-Airways/Virgin-Atlantic-case-study-designing-the-upper-class-suite/Marcia Yudkin, Head Stork (2005-2007), the Benefits of Branding, In: Name At Last [online]. Available from: http://www.namedatlast.com/branding3.htmStealing Share (10/10/2006), Global Branding: Virgin Atlantic gets it Right, In: Stealing Share—Beyond Theory [online]. Available from: http://www.stealingshare.com/content/1160504877375.htmVirgin Atlantic (2007), Student Information Pack—Marketing, In: Virgin Atlantic Website [online]. Available from: http://www.virgin-atlantic.com/en/gb/allaboutus/ourstory/forstudents.jsp#marketingVirgin tops loyalty league (2006), Travel Weekly: The Choice of Travel Professionals (00494577), 00494577, 2006, Issue 1806 [online], In: Business Source Primer [online]. Available from: http://web.ebscohost.com.chain.kent.ac.uk/ehost/detail?vid=1&hid=102&sid=a0e44807-1ff0-44bf-bf32-80e054ac90da%40sessionmgr104Forsyth, P (2004) ‘Marketing is a must’, IEE Engineering ManagementKotler, P., Adam, S., Armstrong, G.,